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Temperatures in burning cigarettes range from about 400 °C between puffs to about 900 °C during a puff. During the burning of the cigarette tobacco (itself a complex mixture), thousands of chemical substances are generated by combustion, distillation, pyrolysis and pyrosynthesis. [1] [2] Tobacco smoke is used as a fumigant and inhalant.
Isotherms of an ideal gas for different temperatures. The curved lines are rectangular hyperbolae of the form y = a/x. They represent the relationship between pressure (on the vertical axis) and volume (on the horizontal axis) for an ideal gas at different temperatures: lines that are farther away from the origin (that is, lines that are nearer to the top right-hand corner of the diagram ...
2 O is inert at room temperature and has few reactions. At elevated temperatures, its reactivity increases. For example, nitrous oxide reacts with NaNH 2 at 187 °C (369 °F) to give NaN 3: 2 NaNH 2 + N 2 O → NaN 3 + NaOH + NH 3. This reaction is the route adopted by the commercial chemical industry to produce azide salts, which are used as ...
3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) is an organic compound with the formula (C 6 H 3 (NH 2) 2) 2. This derivative of benzidine is a precursor to polybenzimidazole , which forms fibers that are renowned for their chemical and thermal stability. [ 1 ]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 23 August 2024. Device to vaporize substances for inhalation A vaporization heat wand and vaporization chamber bowl used to deliver vapor through a water pipe A vaporizer or vaporiser, colloquially known as a vape, is a device used to vaporize substances for inhalation. Plant substances can be used ...
Although total liquid ventilation (TLV) with completely liquid-filled lungs can be beneficial, [9] the complex liquid-filled tube system required is a disadvantage compared to gas ventilation—the system must incorporate a membrane oxygenator, heater, and pumps to deliver to, and remove from the lungs tidal volume aliquots of conditioned perfluorocarbon (PFC).
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The plethysmography technique applies Boyle's law and uses measurements of volume and pressure changes to determine total lung volume, assuming temperature is constant. [8] There are four lung volumes and four lung capacities. A lung's capacity consists of two or more lung volumes.