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Exemestane, aromasin, and by extension all estrogen-like compounds and aromatase inhibitors that mimic estrogen in function will be increased in effect, causing increased estrogen retention and increased drug retention. [72] Etoposide interferes with grapefruit, orange, and apple juices. [12]
The effect of grapefruit juice with regard to drug absorption was originally discovered in 1989. The first published report on grapefruit drug interactions was in 1991 in the Lancet entitled "Interactions of Citrus Juices with Felodipine and Nifedipine", and was the first reported food-drug interaction clinically. The effects of grapefruit last ...
"There are certain substances in grapefruit juice and grapefruit that may affect the way the body handles a medication," says Leonard. "This can result in fluctuating levels of a medication in the ...
Grapefruit and grapefruit juice have been found to interact with numerous drugs, in many cases resulting in adverse effects. [4] This happens in two ways: one is that grapefruit can block an enzyme which metabolizes medication, [5] and if the drug is not metabolized, then the level of the drug in the blood can become too high, leading to an adverse effect. [5]
Sex hormones play an important role in bone growth and maintenance. The effects of hormone therapy on bone health are not fully understood, and may depend on whether hormone therapy is started before or after puberty. [309] Bone density continue to grow and change over time.
The balance between the two hormones shifts, too. “Before menopause, the main hormone is estrogen, and after menopause, androgens like testosterone become more prevalent,” Stanhiser says.
Christine Derzko stated that the evidence supported the use of bioidentical estrogen plus progesterone, but since the trial was an observational cohort study rather than a randomized controlled trial that compared different types of hormones head-to-head, more data was required before concluding bioidentical hormones were safer and preferred ...
The similarities, at molecular level, of an estrogen and a phytoestrogen allow them to mildly mimic and sometimes act as an antagonist of estrogen. [2] Phytoestrogens were first observed in 1926, [ 2 ] [ 5 ] but it was unknown if they could have any effect in human or animal metabolism.