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  2. Pupil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupil

    The pupil gets wider in the dark and narrower in light. When narrow, the diameter is 2 to 4 millimeters. In the dark it will be the same at first, but will approach the maximum distance for a wide pupil 3 to 8 mm. However, in any human age group there is considerable variation in maximal pupil size.

  3. Pupillary distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_distance

    Pupillary distance (PD), more correctly known as interpupillary distance (IPD) is the distance in millimeters between the centers of each pupil. [ 1 ] Interpupillary Distance Classifications

  4. Human eye - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_eye

    The pupil of the human eye can range in size from 2 mm to over 8 mm to adapt to the environment. The human eye can detect a luminance from 10 −6 cd/m 2, or one millionth (0.000001) of a candela per square meter to 10 8 cd/m 2 or one hundred million (100,000,000) candelas per square meter.

  5. Pupil magnification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupil_magnification

    The pupil magnification is used in calculations of the effective f-number, which affects a number of important elements related to optics, such as exposure, diffraction, and depth of field. For all symmetric lenses, and for many conventional photographic lenses, the pupils appear the same size and so the pupil magnification is approximately 1.

  6. Entrance pupil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrance_pupil

    The entrance pupil is the image of the aperture stop viewed from the front of the optical system and here it is a virtual image. Chief rays and marginal rays determine the location and the size of the entrance pupil, respectively. A camera lens adjusted for large and small aperture. The visible opening is the entrance pupil of the lens.

  7. Aperture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperture

    The entrance pupil is typically about 4 mm in diameter, although it can range from as narrow as 2 mm (f /8.3) in diameter in a brightly lit place to 8 mm (f /2.1) in the dark as part of adaptation. In rare cases in some individuals are able to dilate their pupils even beyond 8 mm (in scotopic lighting, close to the physical limit of the iris.

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