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In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, a nuclear reaction is a process in which two nuclei, or a nucleus and an external subatomic particle, collide to produce one or more new nuclides. Thus, a nuclear reaction must cause a transformation of at least one nuclide to another.
The following apply for the nuclear reaction: a + b ↔ R → c in the centre of mass frame , where a and b are the initial species about to collide, c is the final species, and R is the resonant state .
The multiplication factor, k, is defined as (see nuclear chain reaction): k = number of neutrons in one generation / number of neutrons in preceding generation . If k is greater than 1, the chain reaction is supercritical, and the neutron population will grow exponentially.
The DT reaction is used more than the DD reaction because the yield of the DT reaction is 50–100 times higher than that of the DD reaction. 2 P + 2 N = 17.7 MeV [19,34 MeV - 1,626 MeV] D + T → n + 4 He E n = 14.1 MeV D + D -> p + Positron + 3 x Gamma = 2.5 MeV high beginning energy: 11,4 MeV : D + D → p + Positron + 2 Gamma + 3 He
If k = 1, the chain reaction is critical and the neutron population will remain constant. In an infinite medium, neutrons cannot leak out of the system and the multiplication factor becomes the infinite multiplication factor, k = k ∞ {\displaystyle k=k_{\infty }} , which is approximated by the four-factor formula.
Geometric buckling is a measure of neutron leakage and material buckling is a measure of the difference between neutron production and neutron absorption. [1] When nuclear fission occurs inside of a nuclear reactor, neutrons are produced. [1] These neutrons then, to state it simply, either react with the fuel in the reactor or escape from the ...
The neutron–proton ratio (N/Z ratio or nuclear ratio) of an atomic nucleus is the ratio of its number of neutrons to its number of protons. Among stable nuclei and naturally occurring nuclei, this ratio generally increases with increasing atomic number. [ 1 ]
A reaction with a negative Q value is endothermic, i.e. requires a net energy input, since the kinetic energy of the final state is less than the kinetic energy of the initial state. [1] Observe that a chemical reaction is exothermic when it has a negative enthalpy of reaction, in contrast a positive Q value in a nuclear reaction.