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Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Data on elements' abundance in Earth's crust is added for comparison. As of 2020, the most expensive non-synthetic element by both mass and volume is rhodium. It is followed by caesium, iridium and palladium by mass and iridium, gold and platinum by volume.
There have been several studies of the scale and complexity of this market for example in the USA. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Commodity chemicals are a sub-sector of the chemical industry (other sub sectors are fine chemicals , specialty chemicals , inorganic chemicals , petrochemicals , pharmaceuticals , renewable energy (e.g. biofuels ) and materials (e.g ...
English: This chart shows the nominal price of gold along with the price in 1971 and 2011 dollars (adjusted based on the consumer price index). The historical gold price was obtained from www.igolder.com; CPI was obtained from www.rateinflation.com. The data is in section Chart Data.
Sodium percarbonate or sodium carbonate peroxide is a chemical substance with empirical formula Na 2 H 3 CO 6. It is an adduct of sodium carbonate ("soda ash" or "washing soda") and hydrogen peroxide (that is, a perhydrate ) whose formula is more properly written as 2 Na 2 CO 3 · 3 H 2 O 2 .
Gold pentafluoride, along with its derivative anion, AuF − 6, and its difluorine complex, gold heptafluoride, is the sole example of gold(V), the highest verified oxidation state. [ 18 ] Some gold compounds exhibit aurophilic bonding , which describes the tendency of gold ions to interact at distances that are too long to be a conventional Au ...
Sodium carbonate is obtained as three hydrates and as the anhydrous salt: sodium carbonate decahydrate , Na 2 CO 3 ·10H 2 O, which readily effloresces to form the monohydrate. sodium carbonate heptahydrate (not known in mineral form), Na 2 CO 3 ·7H 2 O. sodium carbonate monohydrate (thermonatrite), Na 2 CO 3 ·H 2 O. Also known as crystal ...
The chemical reaction for the dissolution of gold, the "Elsner equation", follows: 4 Au + 8 NaCN + O 2 + 2 H 2 O → 4 Na[Au(CN) 2] + 4 NaOH. Potassium cyanide and calcium cyanide are sometimes used in place of sodium cyanide. Gold is one of the few metals that dissolves in the presence of cyanide ions and oxygen.
Find out how it compares to water in terms of quenching your body's thirst.