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Oxidation response is stimulated by a disturbance in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant responses, known as oxidative stress. Active species of oxygen naturally occur in aerobic cells and have both intracellular and extracellular sources.
Oxidative stress mechanisms in tissue injury. Free radical toxicity induced by xenobiotics and the subsequent detoxification by cellular enzymes (termination).. Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. [1]
Townsend's research has combined advanced proteomics and drug metabolism with biochemistry to identify molecular targets affected by oxidative and nitrosative stress. Her lab has focused on understanding the events leading to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, specifically examining stress-induced impacts on proteins involved in ...
Antioxidative stress is an overabundance of bioavailable antioxidant compounds that interfere with the immune system's ability to neutralize pathogenic threats. The fundamental opposite is oxidative stress, which can lead to such disease states as coronary heart disease or cancer. [1]
Michael Ristow (b April 24, 1967) is a German medical researcher who has published influential articles on biochemical aspects of mitochondrial metabolism and particularly the possibly health-promoting role of reactive oxygen species in diseases like type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer, as well as general aging due to a process called mitohormesis.
Antioxidants are reducing agents, and limit oxidative damage to biological structures by passivating them from free radicals. [ 4 ] Strictly speaking, the free radical theory is only concerned with free radicals such as superoxide ( O 2 − ), but it has since been expanded to encompass oxidative damage from other reactive oxygen species (ROS ...
Instead, what can be measured are several products of the damage produced by oxidative stress, such as TBARS. [ 3 ] Assay of TBARS measures malondialdehyde (MDA) present in the sample, as well as malondialdehyde generated from lipid hydroperoxides by the hydrolytic conditions of the reaction. [ 4 ]
Human PRDX5 is identified by virtue of the sequence homologies to yeast peroxisomal antioxidant enzyme PMP20. [ 6 ] [ 8 ] Biochemically, PRDX5 is a peroxidase that can use cytosolic or mitochondrial thioredoxins to reduce alkyl hydroperoxides or peroxynitrite with high rate constants in the 10 6 to 10 7 M −1 s −1 range, whereas its reaction ...
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