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Backward contact tracing is beneficial for identifying clusters of spreader events, while forward tracing can be used mitigate future transmission. [19] The effectiveness of both approaches is limited by the resources dedicated to contact tracing. [ 19 ]
Traceability is the capability to trace something. [1] In some cases, it is interpreted as the ability to verify the history, location, or application of an item by ...
Devolution, de-evolution, or backward evolution (not to be confused with dysgenics) is the notion that species can revert to supposedly more primitive forms over time. The concept relates to the idea that evolution has a divine purpose ( teleology ) and is thus progressive ( orthogenesis ), for example that feet might be better than hooves , or ...
Coalescent theory is a model of how alleles sampled from a population may have originated from a common ancestor.In the simplest case, coalescent theory assumes no recombination, no natural selection, and no gene flow or population structure, meaning that each variant is equally likely to have been passed from one generation to the next.
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
The traceability of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) describes a system that ensures the forwarding of the identity of a GMO from its production to its final buyer. . Traceability is an essential prerequisite for the co-existence of GM and non-GM foods, and for the freedom of choice for consum
Biological constraints are factors which make populations resistant to evolutionary change. One proposed definition of constraint is "A property of a trait that, although possibly adaptive in the environment in which it originally evolved, acts to place limits on the production of new phenotypic variants."
In developmental biology, pattern formation refers to the generation of complex organizations of cell fates in space and time. The role of genes in pattern formation is an aspect of morphogenesis , the creation of diverse anatomies from similar genes, now being explored in the science of evolutionary developmental biology or evo-devo.