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A ball bearing. A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion and reduces friction between moving parts.The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts.
The design of a plain bearing depends on the type of motion the bearing must provide. The three types of motions possible are: Journal (friction, radial or rotary) bearing: This is the most common type of plain bearing; it is simply a shaft rotating in a hole. [3]
Although bearings had been developed since ancient times, the first modern recorded patent on ball bearings was awarded to Philip Vaughan, a Welsh inventor and ironmaster who created the first design for a ball bearing in Carmarthen in 1794. His was the first modern ball-bearing design, with the ball running along a groove in the axle assembly. [1]
For any given bearing, there is a value for indicated by C, for which the coefficient of friction is at a minimum. The bearing should not be operated at this value of bearing modulus, since a slight decrease in speed or a slight increase in pressure will make the part of a shaft or axle that rests on bearings operate in partial lubrication ...
A magnetic bearing. A magnetic bearing is a type of bearing that supports a load using magnetic levitation. Magnetic bearings support moving parts without physical contact. For instance, they are able to levitate a rotating shaft and permit relative motion with very low friction and no mechanical wear. Magnetic bearings support the highest ...
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S is the Sommerfeld Number or bearing characteristic number r is the shaft radius c is the radial clearance μ is the absolute viscosity of the lubricant N is the speed of the rotating shaft in rev/s P is the load per unit of projected bearing area. The second part of the equation is seen to be the Hersey number.
In many applications tapered roller bearings are used in back-to-back pairs so that axial forces can be supported equally in either direction. Pairs of tapered roller bearings are used in car and vehicle wheel bearings where they must cope simultaneously with large vertical (radial) and horizontal (axial) forces.