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False attribution may refer to: Misattribution in general, when a quotation or work is accidentally, traditionally, or based on bad information attributed to the wrong person or group A specific fallacy where an advocate appeals to an irrelevant, unqualified, unidentified, biased, or fabricated source in support of an argument.
Several theories predict the fundamental attribution error, and thus both compete to explain it, and can be falsified if it does not occur. Some examples include: Just-world fallacy. The belief that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get, the concept of which was first theorized by Melvin J. Lerner in 1977. [11]
False attribution – appealing to an irrelevant, unqualified, unidentified, biased or fabricated source in support of an argument. Fallacy of quoting out of context (contextotomy, contextomy; quotation mining) – selective excerpting of words from their original context to distort the intended meaning.
Hostile attribution bias (HAB) has been defined as an interpretive bias wherein individuals exhibit a tendency to interpret others' ambiguous behaviors as hostile, rather than benign. [7] [8] For example, if a child witnesses two other children whispering, they may assume that the children are talking negatively about them. In this case, the ...
False priors are initial beliefs and knowledge which interfere with the unbiased evaluation of factual evidence and lead to incorrect conclusions. Biases based on false priors include: Agent detection bias, the inclination to presume the purposeful intervention of a sentient or intelligent agent.
In psychology, the misattribution of memory or source misattribution is the misidentification of the origin of a memory by the person making the memory recall.Misattribution is likely to occur when individuals are unable to monitor and control the influence of their attitudes, toward their judgments, at the time of retrieval. [1]
These include the false consensus effect, actor–observer bias, bias blind spot, and fundamental attribution error, among others. The term, as it is used in psychology today, was coined by social psychologist Lee Ross and his colleagues in the 1990s.
False consensus effect – Attributional type of cognitive bias; Halo effect – Tendency for positive impressions to contaminate other evaluations; Implicit stereotype – Unreflected, mistaken attributions to and descriptions of social groups; Jumping to conclusions – Psychological term; List of cognitive biases