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  2. Trade barrier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_barrier

    Most trade barriers work on the same principle: the imposition of some sort of cost (money, time, bureaucracy, quota) on trade that raises the price or availability of the traded products. If two or more nations repeatedly use trade barriers against each other, then a trade war results.

  3. Spaghetti bowl effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_bowl_effect

    As developed countries effectively lower trade barriers and tariffs between them, countries at the margin are faced with higher tariffs which are hurtful for their development. Several empirical studies have been led to determine the Spaghetti Bowl Effect's true cost on countries’ trade volumes and competitiveness.

  4. Free trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_trade

    Trade war – Economic conflict using tariffs or other trade barriers; Trade organizations. European Economic Area – European free trade zone established in 1994; Free Trade Area of the Americas – Failed 2005 trade agreement for North and South America; World Trade Organization – Intergovernmental trade organization

  5. Commonwealth free trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_free_trade

    Commonwealth free trade is the process or proposal of removing barriers of trade between member states of the Commonwealth of Nations. [1] The preferential trade regime within the British Empire continued in some form amongst Commonwealth nations under the Imperial Preference system, until that system was dismantled after World War II due to changes in geopolitics and the pattern of global ...

  6. Protectionism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionism

    The countries of Western Europe began to steadily liberalize their economies after World War II and the protectionism of the interwar period, [67] but John Tsang, then Hong Kong's Secretary for Commerce, Industry and Technology and chair of the Sixth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization, MC6, commented in 2005 that the EU ...

  7. Trade policy of Switzerland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_Policy_of_Switzerland

    The European Union is the main trading partner of Switzerland, with around fifty-two percent of exports going into the EU. This trade relationship began when the EU and Switzerland had created the Free Trade Agreement of 1972. This gave each country the ability to trade industrial products free of a customs duty.

  8. Economic interdependence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_interdependence

    Economic interdependence is the mutual dependence of the participants in an economic system who trade in order to obtain the products they cannot produce efficiently for themselves. Such trading relationships require that the behavior of a participant affects its trading partners and it would be costly to rupture their relationship. [ 1 ]

  9. Trade war - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_war

    Trade war arises only if the competitive protection between states is of the same type and it is not valid in case of dumping exports (Perju, 2009). Increased protection causes both nations' output compositions to move towards their autarky position. [2] Minor trade disagreements are often called trade disputes when the war metaphor is hyperbolic.