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Southern Chile, south-west Argentina, Chiloé Island, and northwest South America are home to the deer. [ 6 ] [ 10 ] The northern pudú is found in the northern Andes of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru, from 2,000 to 4,000 m (6,600 to 13,100 ft) above sea level.
They are widespread throughout North and South America, Europe, and Asia, and are found in a wide variety of biomes. Cervids range in size from the 60 cm (24 in) long and 32 cm (13 in) tall pudú to the 3.4 m (11.2 ft) long and 3.4 m (11.2 ft) tall moose .
The Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) is a species of deer that live in the grasslands of South America at low elevations. [3] They are known as veado-campeiro in Portuguese and as venado or gama in Spanish. It is the only species in the genus Ozotoceros.
The southern pudu is characterized by being the second smallest deer in the world. It is slightly larger than its sister species, the northern pudu, being 35 to 45 cm (14 to 18 in) tall at the shoulder and weighs 6.4 to 13.4 kg (14 to 30 lb).
The south Andean deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus), also known as the southern guemal, [3] south Andean huemul, southern huemul, or Chilean huemul or güemul (/ ˈ w eɪ m uː l / WAY-mool, Spanish:), is an endangered species of deer native to the mountains of Argentina and Chile.
The northern pudu (Pudu mephistophiles, Mapudungun püdü or püdu, [4] Spanish: pudú, Spanish pronunciation:) is a species of South American deer native to the Andes of Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and Ecuador. It is the world's smallest deer [5] and is classified as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List. [1]
Deer endemic to the New World fall in two biogeographic lineages: the first, which includes genus Odocoileus and Mazama americana, is distributed in North, Central, and South America, whereas the second is composed of South American species only and includes Mazama gouazoubira. This implies that the genus Mazama is not a monophyletic taxon. [10]
Deer invaded South America in the late Pliocene (2.5–3 Mya) as part of the Great American Interchange, thanks to the recently formed Isthmus of Panama, and emerged successful due to the small number of competing ruminants in the continent.