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Backcasting is a planning method that starts with defining a desirable future and then works backwards to identify policies and programs that will connect that specified future to the present. [1] The fundamentals of the method were outlined by John B. Robinson from the University of Waterloo in 1990. [ 2 ]
Reverse marketing is the concept of marketing in which the customer seeks the firm rather than marketers seeking the customer. [1] Usually, this is done through traditional means of advertising, such as television advertisements , print magazine advertisements and online media .
The term "power-up" is an example of wasei-eigo (Japanese pseudo-Anglicisms); the sense was coined in Japanese as a compound of "power" (パワー, pawā, noun) and "up" (アップする, appusuru, verb), literally "to up someone's or something's power or abilities".
Trickle-up economics (also known as bubble-up economics) is an economic policy proposition that final demand among a broad population can stimulate national income in an economy. The trickle-up effect states that policies that directly benefit lower income individuals will boost the income of society as a whole, and thus those benefits will ...
A bottom–up approach is the piecing together of systems to give rise to more complex systems, thus making the original systems subsystems of the emergent system. Bottom–up processing is a type of information processing based on incoming data from the environment to form a perception.
A model of imperfect competition in the short-run. Non-price competition is a marketing strategy "in which one firm tries to distinguish its product or service from competing products on the basis of attributes like design and workmanship". [1]
A marketing channel consists of the people, organizations, and activities necessary to transfer the ownership of goods from the point of production to the point of consumption. It is the way products get to the end-user , the consumer ; and is also known as a distribution channel . [ 1 ]
Bottom-up may refer to: Bottom-up analysis, a fundamental analysis technique in accounting and finance; Bottom-up parsing, a computer science strategy; Bottom-up processing, in Pattern recognition (psychology) Bottom-up theories of galaxy formation and evolution; Bottom-up tree automaton, in data structures; Bottom-up integration testing, in ...