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Cinnamaldehyde is a naturally-occurring compound that has a conjugated system penta-1,3-diene is a molecule with a conjugated system Diazomethane conjugated pi-system. In theoretical chemistry, a conjugated system is a system of connected p-orbitals with delocalized electrons in a molecule, which in general lowers the overall energy of the molecule and increases stability.
Clar's rule is widely applied in the fields of chemistry and materials science. For instance, Clar's rule can be used to predict several properties of graphene nanoribbons . [ 10 ] Aromatic π-sextets play an important part in the determination of the ground state of open shell biradical -type structures., [ 4 ] Clar's rule can rationalize the ...
This is characteristically purple but is also completely insoluble in water, meaning that it cannot be applied to clothes directly. It is instead reduced to indigo white (sometimes Leucoindigo), which is water-soluble but colorless. When a submerged fabric is removed from a dyebath of white indigo the dye quickly combines with oxygen in the air ...
Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...
In chemistry, protonation (or hydronation) is the adding of a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), usually denoted by H +, to an atom, molecule, or ion, forming a conjugate acid. [1] (The complementary process, when a proton is removed from a Brønsted–Lowry acid, is deprotonation.) Some examples include The protonation of water by ...
In chemistry, homoconjugation has two unrelated meanings: In acid–base chemistry, homoconjugation is an alternate name for the phenomenon of homoassociation. In organic chemistry, homoconjugation is a type of conjugated system where two π-systems are separated by one non-conjugating group. See Conjugated system#Mechanism
One use of conjugate acids and bases lies in buffering systems, which include a buffer solution. In a buffer, a weak acid and its conjugate base (in the form of a salt), or a weak base and its conjugate acid, are used in order to limit the pH change during a titration process. Buffers have both organic and non-organic chemical applications.
In the mammalian eye, the molecule retinal is a conjugated chromophore. Retinal begins as 11-cis-retinal, which, upon capturing a photon γ (light) of the correct wavelength, straightens out into all-trans-retinal which pushes against an opsin protein in the retina , which triggers a chemical signaling cascade which results in perception of ...