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Personal pronouns in Spanish have distinct forms according to whether they stand for a subject (), a direct object (), an indirect object (), or a reflexive object. Several pronouns further have special forms used after prepositions.
Spanish is a pro-drop language with respect to subject pronouns, and, like many European languages, Spanish makes a T-V distinction in second person pronouns that has no equivalent in modern English. Object pronouns can be both clitic and non-clitic, with non-clitic forms carrying greater emphasis.
In this case the direct object noun phrase is supplemented with the appropriate direct object pronoun; for example: El libro lo escribió mi amigo; Because subject pronouns are often dropped, one will often see sentences with a verb and direct object but no explicitly stated subject. In questions, VSO is usual (though not obligatory):
The pronouns yo, tú, vos, [1] él, nosotros, vosotros [2] and ellos are used to symbolise the three persons and two numbers. Note, however, that Spanish is a pro-drop language, and so it is the norm to omit subject pronouns when not needed for contrast or emphasis. The subject, if specified, can easily be something other than these pronouns.
The appropriate direct object pronoun is placed between the direct object and the verb, and thus in the sentence La carne la come el perro ("The dog eats the meat") there is no confusion about which is the subject of the sentence (el perro). Clitic doubling is often necessary to modify clitic pronouns, whether accusative or dative.
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Another unique aspect of Spanish is that personal pronouns have distinct feminine forms for the first and second person plural. For example, the Spanish pronouns nosotras and vosotras specifically refer to groups of females, distinguishing them from the masculine forms used for mixed-gender or male groups. [3]