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Dental cavity, also known as tooth decay, [a] is the breakdown of teeth due to acids produced by bacteria. [6] The resulting cavities may be a number of different colors, from yellow to black. [1]
The reason fossilized bacteria are initially attracted to one part of the subgingival tooth surface over another is not fully understood. However, once the first layer is attached, more calculus components are naturally attracted to the same places due to electrical charge.
The appearance and perception of a tooth is the result of a complex interaction of factors such as lighting conditions, translucency, opacity, light scattering, gloss and the human eye and brain. [5] Of these, the intrinsic pigmentation of a tooth is the most influential, [4] which in turn is determined by genetic and natural factors. [6]
Progression and build-up of dental plaque can give rise to tooth decay – the localised destruction of the tissues of the tooth by acid produced from the bacterial degradation of fermentable sugar – and periodontal problems such as gingivitis and periodontitis; [3] hence it is important to disrupt the mass of bacteria and remove it. [4]
Dental caries (cavities), described as "tooth decay", is an infectious disease which damages the structures of teeth. [43] The disease can lead to pain, tooth loss, and infection. Dental caries has a long history, with evidence showing the disease was present in the Bronze, Iron, and Middle ages but also prior to the neolithic period. [44]
Remineralization can contribute towards restoring strength and function within tooth structure. [3] Demineralization is the removal of minerals (mainly calcium) from any of the hard tissues: enamel, dentine, and cementum. [4] It begins at the surface, and may progress into either cavitation (tooth decay) or erosion (tooth wear).
This sort of black-and-white thinking doesn’t do us any favors in the healthy eating department. ... it can contribute to a higher risk of things like weight gain and tooth decay. Of course ...
The principles of the chemo-parasitic theory were bolstered by the descriptions of bacterial plaque on tooth surfaces independently by GV Black and by JL Williams in 1898. The biomass of plaque helps localize acids at the tooth surface and prevent dilution by saliva. Miller thought that no single species of bacteria could cause caries.