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During a relatively short or slow centrifugation, the particles are separated by size, with larger particles sedimenting farther than smaller ones. Over a long or fast centrifugation, particles travel to locations in the gradient where the density of the medium is the same as that of the particle density; (ρp – ρm) → 0.
Historically a cesium chloride (CsCl) solution was often used, but more commonly used density gradients are sucrose or Percoll.This application requires a solution with high density and yet relatively low viscosity, and CsCl suits it because of its high solubility in water, high density owing to the large mass of Cs, as well as low viscosity and high stability of CsCl solutions.
In the life sciences, a special technique called density gradient separation is used for isolating and purifying cells, viruses and subcellular particles. [5] Variations of this include Isopycnic centrifugation, Differential centrifugation, and Sucrose gradient centrifugation.
Differential centrifugation, on the other hand, does not utilize a density gradient, and the centrifugation is taken in increasing speeds. The different centrifugation speeds often create separation into not more than two fractions, so the supernatant can be separated further in additional centrifugation steps.
When DNA is extracted from these cells and made to undergo buoyant density centrifugation on a salt density gradient, the DNA separates out at the point at which its density equals that of the salt solution.
Isopycnic centrifugation refers to a method wherein a density gradient is either pre-formed or forms during high speed centrifugation. After this gradient is formed particles move within the gradient to the position having a density matching their own (this is in fact an incorrect description of the exact physical process but does describe the ...
This page was last edited on 2 July 2013, at 05:30 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply ...
Rate-zonal centrifugation is a centrifugation technique employed to effectively separate particles of different sizes. [1] The tube is first filled with different concentrations of sucrose or another solute establishing layers with different densities and viscosities, forming a density gradient, within which the particles to be separated are added.
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