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(A) A low-form or Griffin form beaker (B) A tall-form or Berzelius beaker (C) A flat beaker or crystallizer Philips beaker which can be swirled like a conical flask. Standard or "low-form" (A) beakers typically have a height about 1.4 times the diameter. [3]
A Soxhlet extractor has three main sections: a percolator (boiler and reflux) which circulates the solvent, a thimble (usually made of thick filter paper) which retains the solid to be extracted, and a siphon mechanism, which periodically empties the condensed solvent from the thimble back into the percolator.
A gas syringe showing its components separated and assembled. A gas syringe is a piece of laboratory glassware used to insert or withdraw a volume of a gas from a closed system, or to measure the volume of gas evolved from a chemical reaction. [1]
118 chemical elements have been identified and named officially by IUPAC.A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z).
A chemical plant is an industrial process plant that manufactures (or otherwise processes) chemicals, usually on a large scale. [1] The general objective of a chemical plant is to create new material wealth via the chemical or biological transformation and or separation of materials. [2]
A high-purity (≥99.9998%) aluminium bar that has been etched to reveal the component crystallites. Chemical milling or industrial etching is the subtractive manufacturing process of using baths of temperature-regulated etching chemicals to remove material to create an object with the desired shape.
Colors of a single chemical in different solvents, under visible and UV light, showing how the chemical interacts dynamically with its solvent environmentIn addition to the generic definition offered above, there are several niche fields where the term "chemical substance" may take alternate usages that are widely accepted, some of which are outlined in the sections below.
Oil refinery in Louisiana - an example of chemical industry. The chemical industry comprises the companies and other organizations that develop and produce industrial, specialty and other chemicals.