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The United Kingdom national debt is the total quantity of money borrowed by the Government of the United Kingdom at any time through the issue of securities by the British Treasury and other government agencies. At the end of March 2023, UK general government gross debt was £2,537.0 billion, or 100.5% gross domestic product. [2]
In the 20-year period from 1986/87 to 2006/07 government spending in the United Kingdom averaged around 40% of GDP. [15] As a result of the 2007–2008 financial crisis and the Great Recession , government spending increased to a historically high level of 48% of GDP in 2009–10, partly as a result of the cost of a series of bank bailouts .
[1]: 81 A debt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such as bonds and bills), loans, and government employee pension obligations. [1]: 207 Net debt equals gross debt minus financial assets that are debt instruments.
Debt interest has grown as a proportion of government spending in the last few years as a result of rising interest rates, and increased debt due to primarily to the cost of the Covid pandemic. [10] In financial year 2018-19, debt interest was £43 billion - around 5% of total government spending [11] compared to around 10% in 2023-24.
The national debt of the United Kingdom was at a record high percentage of the GDP as the Napoleonic wars ended, but was largely repaid by 1914. The British budget in 1814 reached £66 million, including £10 million for the Navy, £40 million for the Army, £10 million for the Allies, and £38 million as interest on the national debt.
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The national debt servicing cost is 50% more than the £5.1bn forecast by the Office for Budget Responsibility. Interest spikes UK debt to record £7.6bn in May Skip to main content
In 1980, Seymour Durst began sending holiday cards to senators and representatives reading "Happy New Year. Your share of the national debt is $35,000." A bit of an exaggeration at the time, but ...