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  2. Mutability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutability

    The principle of mutability is the notion that any physical property which appears to follow a conservation law may undergo some physical process that violates its conservation. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] John Archibald Wheeler offered this speculative principle after Stephen Hawking predicted the evaporation of black holes which violates baryon number ...

  3. Point accepted mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_accepted_mutation

    In addition to these counts, data on the mutability and the frequency of the amino acids was obtained. [6] [7] The mutability of an amino acid is the ratio of the number of mutations it is involved in and the number of times it occurs in an alignment. [7] Mutability measures how likely an amino acid is to mutate acceptably.

  4. Mutationism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutationism

    The undermining of mutationism began almost at once, in 1902, as the statistician Udny Yule analysed Mendel's theory and showed that given full dominance of one allele over another, a 3:1 ratio of alleles would be sustained indefinitely. This meant that the recessive allele could remain in the population with no need to invoke mutation.

  5. History of evolutionary thought - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_evolutionary...

    This theory holds that each natural type of object in the observed world is an imperfect manifestation of the ideal, form or "species" which defines that type. In his Timaeus for example, Plato has a character tell a story that the Demiurge created the cosmos and everything in it because, being good, and hence, "free from jealousy, He desired ...

  6. Mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation

    A newer theory suggests that the selective pressure on the CCR5 Delta 32 mutation was caused by smallpox instead of the bubonic plague. [ 116 ] Malaria resistance : An example of a harmful mutation is sickle-cell disease , a blood disorder in which the body produces an abnormal type of the oxygen-carrying substance haemoglobin in the red blood ...

  7. Transmutation of species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmutation_of_species

    The French Transformisme was a term used by Jean Baptiste Lamarck in 1809 for his theory, and other 18th and 19th century proponents of pre-Darwinian evolutionary ideas included Denis Diderot, Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Erasmus Darwin, Robert Grant, and Robert Chambers, the anonymous author of the book Vestiges of the Natural History of ...

  8. Frankenstein authorship question - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenstein_authorship...

    Percy Bysshe Shelley's 1816 poem "Mutability" in a draft of Frankenstein with his changes to the text in his handwriting. Bodleian. Oxford. Since the initial publication of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley's novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus in 1818, there has existed uncertainty about the extent to which Mary Shelley's husband, Percy Bysshe Shelley, contributed to the text.

  9. Evolution as fact and theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_as_fact_and_theory

    Professor of biology Jerry Coyne sums up biological evolution succinctly: [3]. Life on Earth evolved gradually beginning with one primitive species – perhaps a self-replicating molecule – that lived more than 3.5 billion years ago; it then branched out over time, throwing off many new and diverse species; and the mechanism for most (but not all) of evolutionary change is natural selection.