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Computer cooling. A finned air cooled heatsink with fan clipped onto a CPU, with a smaller passive heatsink without fan in the background. A 3-fan heatsink mounted on a video card to maximize cooling efficiency of the GPU and surrounding components. Commodore 128DCR computer's switch-mode power supply, with a user-installed 60 mm cooling fan.
Cryogenic processor. A cryogenic processor is a device engineered to reduce the temperature of an object to cryogenic levels, typically around −300°F (−184.44°C), at a moderate rate in order to prevent thermal shock to the components being treated. The inception of commercial cryogenic processors dates back to the late 1960s, pioneered by ...
The pressure varies gradually and the velocities of the gas are low. So the name "pulse" tube cooler is misleading, since there are no pulses in the system. The piston moves periodically from left to right and back. As a result, the gas also moves from left to right and back while the pressure within the system increases and decreases.
Liquid nitrogen has a boiling point of about −196 °C (−321 °F; 77 K). It is produced industrially by fractional distillation of liquid air. It is a colorless, mobile liquid whose viscosity is about one-tenth that of acetone (i.e. roughly one-thirtieth that of water at room temperature). Liquid nitrogen is widely used as a coolant.
Cryogenics technology using liquid nitrogen and CO 2 has been built into nightclub effect systems to create a chilling effect and white fog that can be illuminated with colored lights. Cryogenic cooling is used to cool the tool tip at the time of machining in manufacturing process. It increases the tool life.
Cryogenic energy storage (CES) is the use of low temperature (cryogenic) liquids such as liquid air or liquid nitrogen to store energy. [1][2] The technology is primarily used for the large-scale storage of electricity. Following grid-scale demonstrator plants, a 250 MWh commercial plant is now under construction in the UK, and a 400 MWh store ...
Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux at the junction of two different types of materials. A Peltier cooler, heater, or thermoelectric heat pump is a solid-state active heat pump which transfers heat from one side of the device to the other, with consumption of electrical energy, depending on the direction of the current.
A model of a Stirling engine showing its simplicity. Unlike the steam engine or internal combustion engine, it has no valves or timing train. The heat source (not shown) would be placed under the brass cylinder. A Stirling engine is a heat engine that is operated by the cyclic expansion and contraction of air or other gas (the working fluid) by ...