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Before 1971, abortion was criminalized under Section 312 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, [8] describing it as intentionally "causing miscarriage". [9] Except in cases where abortion was carried out to save the life of the woman, it was a punishable offense and criminalized women/providers, with whoever voluntarily caused a woman with child to miscarry [10] facing three years in prison and/or a ...
Feminism portal. v. t. e. Female foeticide in India (Hindi: भ्रूण हत्या, romanized:bhrūṇ-hatyā, lit. 'foeticide') is the abortion of a female foetus outside of legal methods. A research by Pew Research Center based on Union government data indicates foeticide of at least 9 million females in the years 2000–2019.
The dowry system in India is another reason that is given for female infanticide. Although India has taken steps to abolish the dowry system, [61] the practice persists. Still female infanticide and gender-selective abortion is attributed to the fear of being unable to raise a suitable dowry and then being socially ostracised. [62]
The Mahanarayana Upanishad lists abortion with actions such as breaking one's vow of chastity. [2] Some Hindu scriptures assert that "abortion is a worse sin than killing one's parents" and another text says that "a woman who aborts her child will lose her status". [1] In general, Hinduism teaches the guiding principle of Ahimsa, abstention ...
Bas relief at Angkor Wat, c. 1150, depicting a demon performing an abortion upon a woman who has been sent to the underworld. The Vedic and smrti laws of India reflected a concern with preserving the male seed of the three upper castes; and the religious courts imposed various penances for the woman or excommunication for a priest who provided an abortion. [3]
In 2016, the total fertility rate of India was 2.30 births per woman [6] and 15.6 million abortions performed, with an abortion rate of 47.0 abortions per 1000 women aged between 15 and 49 years. [7] With high abortions rates follows a high number of unintended pregnancies, with a rate of 70.1 unintended pregnancies per 1000 women aged 15–49 ...
e. Gender inequality in India refers to health, education, economic and political inequalities between men and women in India. [1] Various international gender inequality indices rank India differently on each of these factors, as well as on a composite basis, and these indices are controversial. [2][3] Gender inequalities, and their social ...
Sex-selective abortion was first documented in 1975, [5] and became commonplace by the late 1980s in South Korea and China and around the same time or slightly later in India. Sex-selective abortion affects the human sex ratio—the relative number of males to females in a given age group, [6] [7] with China and India, the two most populous ...