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In the philosophy of mind, mind–body dualism denotes either the view that mental phenomena are non-physical, [1] or that the mind and body are distinct and separable. [2] Thus, it encompasses a set of views about the relationship between mind and matter, as well as between subject and object, and is contrasted with other positions, such as physicalism and enactivism, in the mind–body problem.
The mind–body problem is a philosophical problem concerning the relationship between thought and consciousness in the human mind and body. [ 1 ][ 2 ] It is not obvious how the concept of the mind and the concept of the body relate. For example, feelings of sadness (which are mental events) cause people to cry (which is a physical state of the ...
The philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of the mind and its relation to the body and the external world. The mind–body problem is a paradigmatic issue in philosophy of mind, although a number of other issues are addressed, such as the hard problem of consciousness and the nature of particular mental states ...
Hilary Putnam. Hilary Whitehall Putnam (/ ˈpʌtnəm /; July 31, 1926 – March 13, 2016) was an American philosopher, mathematician, computer scientist, and figure in analytic philosophy in the second half of the 20th century. He contributed to the studies of philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, and philosophy ...
Thomas Nagel (/ ˈneɪɡəl /; born July 4, 1937) is an American philosopher. He is the University Professor of Philosophy and Law Emeritus at New York University, [ 3 ] where he taught from 1980 until his retirement in 2016. [ 4 ] His main areas of philosophical interest are political philosophy, ethics and philosophy of mind.
Paul Montgomery Churchland (born October 21, 1942) is a Canadian philosopher known for his studies in neurophilosophy and the philosophy of mind.After earning a Ph.D. from the University of Pittsburgh under Wilfrid Sellars (1969), Churchland rose to the rank of full professor at the University of Manitoba before accepting the Valtz Family Endowed Chair in Philosophy at the University of ...
In Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes attempted to demonstrate the existence of God and the distinction between the human soul and the body. Humans are a union of mind and body; [98] thus Descartes' dualism embraced the idea that mind and body are distinct but closely joined. While many contemporary readers of Descartes found the ...
In the philosophy of Aristotle the soul of a body is what makes it alive, and is its actualized form; thus, every living thing, including plant life, has a soul. The mind or intellect ( nous ) can be described variously as a power, faculty, part, or aspect of the human soul.