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Furthermore, on a modern x86 system, BIOS calls can only be performed in Real mode, or Virtual 8086 mode. v8086 is not an option in Long mode. This means that a modern operating system, which operates in Protected mode (32 bit), or Long mode (64 bit), would need to switch into real mode and back to call the BIOS - a hugely expensive operation.
Generally, if the fault originated in a user-mode program, the user-mode program is terminated. If, however, the fault originated in a core system driver or the operating system itself, the operating system usually saves diagnostic information either to a file or to the screen and stops operating.
Kernel page-table isolation (KPTI or PTI, [1] previously called KAISER) [2] [3] is a Linux kernel feature that mitigates the Meltdown security vulnerability (affecting mainly Intel's x86 CPUs) [4] and improves kernel hardening against attempts to bypass kernel address space layout randomization (KASLR).
The role of KMS (Kernel mode-setting), Linux example Wayland compositors require KMS (and also OpenGL ES and EGL ) evdev was the Linux kernel module that receives data from various Input devices such as Keyboard, Mouse, Touch-Pad, etc. Nowadays, this is the libinput module (for X and Wayland).
The descriptors may be either interrupt gates, trap gates or, for 32-bit protected mode only, task gates. Interrupt and trap gates point to a memory location containing code to execute by specifying both a segment (present in either the GDT or LDT) and an offset within that segment. The only difference between trap and interrupt gates is that ...
Some operating systems are single address space operating systems—they have a single address space for all user-mode code. (The kernel-mode code may be in the same address space, or it may be in a second address space). Other operating systems have a per-process address space, with a separate address space for each user-mode process.
After recompiling a kernel binary image from source code, a kernel panic while booting the resulting kernel is a common problem if the kernel was not correctly configured, compiled or installed. [8] Add-on hardware or malfunctioning RAM could also be sources of fatal kernel errors during start up, due to incompatibility with the OS or a missing ...
Some operating system kernels, such as Linux, still use triple faults as a last effort in their rebooting process if an ACPI reboot fails. This is done by setting the IDT register to 0 and then issuing an interrupt. [1] Since the table now has length 0, all attempts to access it fail and the processor generates a triple fault.