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Imprisonment or incarceration is the restraint of a person's liberty for any cause whatsoever, whether by authority of the government, or by a person acting without such authority. In the latter case it is considered " false imprisonment ".
The term can also be used in reference to the holding of property for the same reasons. The process of detainment may or may not have been preceded or followed with an arrest . Detainee is a term used by certain governments and their armed forces to refer to individuals held in custody, such as those it does not classify and treat as either ...
Community sentence [1] [2] or alternative sentencing or non-custodial sentence is a collective name in criminal justice for all the different ways in which courts can punish a defendant who has been convicted of committing an offense, other than through a custodial sentence (serving a jail or prison term) or capital punishment (death).
For example, in R v Governor of Brockhill Prison, ex p Evans, [17] it did not matter if the decision to imprison the claimant was in good faith, or considered lawful, it still constituted false imprisonment. False imprisonment does not require a literal prison, but a restriction of the claimant's freedom of movement (complete restraint).
Decarceration includes overlapping reformist and abolitionist strategies, from "front door" options such as sentencing reform, decriminalization, diversion and mental health treatment to "back door" approaches, exemplified by parole reform and early release into re-entry programs, [5] amnesty for inmates convicted of non-violent offenses and imposition of prison capacity limits. [6]
A sentence may consist of imprisonment, a fine, or other sanctions. Sentences for multiple crimes may be a concurrent sentence, where sentences of imprisonment are all served together at the same time, or a consecutive sentence, in which the period of imprisonment is the sum of all sentences served one after the other. [2]
The 2021 US incarceration rate of 531 per 100,000 population was the 6th highest rate. [1] According to the World Prison Population List (11th edition) there were around 10.35 million people in penal institutions worldwide in 2015. [5] The US had 2,173,800 prisoners in adult facilities in 2015. [6]
GPS-based tracking system used for some individuals released from prison, jail or immigrant detention. According to a survey distributed by The Pew Charitable Trusts in December 2015, "the number of accused and convicted criminal offenders in the United States who are supervised with ankle monitors and other GPS-system electronic tracking devices rose nearly 140 percent over 10 years ...