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The first step in planning a substation layout is the preparation of a one-line diagram, which shows in simplified form the switching and protection arrangement required, as well as the incoming supply lines and outgoing feeders or transmission lines. It is a usual practice by many electrical utilities to prepare one-line diagrams with ...
Circuit breakers and switches enable the substation to be disconnected from the transmission grid or for distribution lines to be disconnected. Transformers step down transmission voltages, 35 kV or more, down to primary distribution voltages. These are medium voltage circuits, usually 600–35 000 V. [1]
These buildings have customer-owned transformers in the basement for step-down purposes. [5] Distribution transformers are also found in wind farm power collection networks, where they step up power from each wind turbine to connect to a substation that may be several miles (kilometers) distant. [6]
When power outages occur, you may hear officials use unfamiliar words as they explain the situation or provide updates. We explain a few common terms.
Step-down substation: these transformers lower the voltage coming from the transmission lines which can be used in industry or sent to a distribution substation. Distribution substation: these transform the voltage lower again for the distribution to end users. Aside from transformers, other major components or functions of substations include:
Current and voltage transformers to step down the high voltages and currents of the electrical power system to convenient levels for the relays to deal with; Protective relays to sense the fault and initiate a trip, or disconnection, order; Circuit breakers or RCDs to open/close the system based on relay and autorecloser commands
Mains electricity or utility power, grid power, domestic power, and wall power, or, in some parts of Canada, hydro, is a general-purpose alternating-current (AC) electric power supply. It is the form of electrical power that is delivered to homes and businesses through the electrical grid in many parts of the world.
A three-phase final step-down transformer is then used. One house gets phases A and B, the next house gets phase B and C, the third house gets phase A and C. Some installations, such as farms (especially those never subsequently upgraded to three-phase) may be supplied with both phases to the same consumer.
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