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  2. Onehunga Ironworks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onehunga_Ironworks

    Smelting of iron-sand has been carried out successfully in Japan for centuries, The Japanese method is a type of direct-reduction smelting. Smelting occurred in a Tatara furnace . That process is slow and makes only small batches of metal (known as Tamahagane ) that is used in the making of high-quality steel weapons.

  3. Placer deposit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placer_deposit

    The name is from the Spanish word placer, meaning "alluvial sand". Placer mining is an important source of gold, and was the main technique used in the early years of many gold rushes, including the California Gold Rush. Types of placer deposits include alluvium, eluvium, beach placers, aeolian placers and paleo-placers. [2]

  4. Ironsand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironsand

    Ironsand, also known as iron-sand or iron sand, is a type of sand with heavy concentrations of iron. It is typically dark grey or blackish in color. It is typically dark grey or blackish in color. It is composed mainly of magnetite , Fe 3 O 4 , and also contains small amounts of titanium, silica, manganese, calcium and vanadium.

  5. Gold extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_extraction

    High-grade gold ore from a quartz vein near Alma, Colorado. The appearance is typical of very good gold-quartz ore. A "refractory" gold ore is an ore that has ultra-fine gold particles disseminated throughout its gold occluded minerals. These ores are naturally resistant to recovery by standard cyanidation and carbon adsorption processes.

  6. Heavy mineral sands ore deposits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_mineral_sands_ore...

    Black sand concentrates. The heavy minerals within the source sediments attain an economic concentration by accumulation within low-energy environments in streams and most usually on beaches. In beach placer deposits the lowest energy zone on the beach is the swash zone, where turbulent surf washes up on the beach face and loses energy.

  7. Smelting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelting

    Smelting is a process of applying heat and a chemical reducing agent to an ore to extract a desired base metal product. [1] It is a form of extractive metallurgy that is used to obtain many metals such as iron , copper , silver , tin , lead and zinc .

  8. Extractive metallurgy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractive_metallurgy

    Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgical engineering wherein process and methods of extraction of metals from their natural mineral deposits are studied. The field is a materials science, covering all aspects of the types of ore, washing, concentration, separation, chemical processes and extraction of pure metal and their alloying to suit various applications, sometimes for direct ...

  9. Gold panning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_panning

    "Panning out" ~ Stereoscopic view of print taken by the U.S. Geological and Geographic Survey of the Territories ~ circa 1874–1879 Gold panning is a simple process. Once a suitable placer deposit is located, some alluvial deposits are scooped into a pan, where they are then wetted and loosed from attached soils by soaking, fingering, and aggressive agitation in water.