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2. Unit fraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_fraction

   A unit fraction is a positive fraction with one as its numerator, 1/ n. It is the multiplicative inverse ... and to calculate with such representations. [8] ...

3. Rate (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_(mathematics)

   In mathematics, a rate is the quotient of two quantities, often represented as a fraction. [1] If the divisor (or fraction denominator) in the rate is equal to one expressed as a single unit, and if it is assumed that this quantity can be changed systematically (i.e., is an independent variable), then the dividend (the fraction numerator) of the rate expresses the corresponding rate of change ...

4. Mathematics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics

   A diagram representing a two-state Markov chain. The states are represented by 'A' and 'E'. The numbers are the probability of flipping the state. Discrete mathematics, broadly speaking, is the study of individual, countable mathematical objects. An example is the set of all integers. [42]

5. Farey sequence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farey_sequence

   In mathematics, the Farey sequence of order n is the sequence of completely reduced fractions, either between 0 and 1, or without this restriction, [a] which when in lowest terms have denominators less than or equal to n, arranged in order of increasing size.

6. Rectangular function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectangular_function

   Plot of normalized ⁡ function (i.e. ⁡ ()) with its spectral frequency components.. The unitary Fourier transforms of the rectangular function are [2] ⁡ = ⁡ = ⁡ (), using ordinary frequency f, where is the normalized form [10] of the sinc function and ⁡ = ⁡ (/) / = ⁡ (/), using angular frequency , where is the unnormalized form of the sinc function.

7. Branching fraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branching_fraction

   To use our example from before, if the branching fraction to state |g is ⁠ ⁠, then the branching ratio comparing the transition rates to |g and |d would be ⁠ ⁠. Branching fractions can be measured in a variety of ways, including time-resolved recording of the atom's fluorescence during a series of population transfers in the relevant ...

8. Cell fractionation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_fractionation

   In cell biology, cell fractionation is the process used to separate cellular components while preserving individual functions of each component. [1] This is a method that was originally used to demonstrate the cellular location of various biochemical processes.