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Napoleon II (Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte; 20 March 1811 – 22 July 1832) was the disputed Emperor of the French for a few weeks in 1815. He was the son of Emperor Napoleon I and Empress Marie Louise, daughter of Emperor Francis I of Austria. Napoleon II had been Prince Imperial of France and King of Rome since birth.
Marie Louise with her son, the King of Rome. Marie Louise became pregnant by July 1810 and gave birth to a son on 20 March 1811. [43] [44] The boy, Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte, was given the title King of Rome, in accordance with the practice where the heir apparent to the Holy Roman Empire was called the King of the Romans. [44]
Napoleon's son Napoléon François Charles Joseph was made King of Rome and was later styled as Napoleon II by loyalists of the dynasty, though he only ruled for two weeks after his father's abdication. Louis-Napoléon, son of Louis, was President of France and then Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870, reigning as Napoleon III.
The Senate's decision on 17 February 1810 created the title "King of Rome", and made Rome the capital of Italy. Between 1810 and 1812 Napoleon's divorce of Joséphine, and his marriage with Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria, followed by the birth of his son, shed light upon his future policy. He gradually withdrew power from his siblings and ...
Napoléon François, King of Rome (Napoleon II) 1821–1832 20 March 1811, Paris son of Napoleon I and Marie Louise of Parma Unmarried 22 July 1832 Vienna. aged 21 Son of Napoleon I Joseph, Count of Survilliers (Joseph I) 1832–1844 7 January 1768, Corte son of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino Julie Clary 1 August 1794 2 children 28 July ...
The Second Republic elected as its president Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, son of Napoleon I's brother Louis Bonaparte. President Bonaparte overthrew the Republic by self coup on 2 December 1851; exactly one year later, following a plebiscite, he converted himself into an Emperor, Napoleon III —considering the brief reign of "Napoleon II" in ...
When Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, had a son and heir, Napoleon II (1811–32), he introduced the title as King of Rome (Roi de Rome), styling his son as such at birth. The boy was often known colloquially by this title throughout his short life.
December 14: Public announcement of Napoleon's divorce from Joséphine; 1810. March 11: Napoleon marries Marie Louise of Austria by proxy in Vienna; April 1: Napoleon officially marries Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma in Paris; 1811. March 20: Napoleon II, Napoleon's son born, styled as the King of Rome; 1812. July 22: Battle of Salamanca