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In mathematics, the stationary phase approximation is a basic principle of asymptotic analysis, applying to functions given by integration against a rapidly-varying complex exponential. This method originates from the 19th century, and is due to George Gabriel Stokes and Lord Kelvin . [ 1 ]
A plot of () (left) and its phase line (right). In this case, a and c are both sinks and b is a source. In mathematics , a phase line is a diagram that shows the qualitative behaviour of an autonomous ordinary differential equation in a single variable, d y d x = f ( y ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {dy}{dx}}=f(y)} .
Symplectic manifolds arise from classical mechanics; in particular, they are a generalization of the phase space of a closed system. [1] In the same way the Hamilton equations allow one to derive the time evolution of a system from a set of differential equations, the symplectic form should allow one to obtain a vector field describing the flow of the system from the differential of a ...
Suppose, to the contrary, that there is a function, f, on the natural numbers with f(n+1) an element of f(n) for each n.Define S = {f(n): n a natural number}, the range of f, which can be seen to be a set from the axiom schema of replacement.
Work on the SSMCIS program began in 1965 [3] and took place mainly at Teachers College. [9] Fehr was the director of the project from 1965 to 1973. [1] The principal consultants in the initial stages and subsequent yearly planning sessions were Marshall H. Stone of the University of Chicago, Albert W. Tucker of Princeton University, Edgar Lorch of Columbia University, and Meyer Jordan of ...
It became the standard foundation of modern mathematics, and, unless the contrary is explicitly specified, it is used in all modern mathematical texts, generally implicitly. Simultaneously, the axiomatic method became a de facto standard: the proof of a theorem must result from explicit axioms and previously proved theorems by the application ...
Univalent foundations are an approach to the foundations of mathematics in which mathematical structures are built out of objects called types.Types in univalent foundations do not correspond exactly to anything in set-theoretic foundations, but they may be thought of as spaces, with equal types corresponding to homotopy equivalent spaces and with equal elements of a type corresponding to ...