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Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory (/ ˈ v ɛ s p ər, v ə ˈ s ɛ p ər / VESP-ər, [1]: 410 və-SEP-ər [2]) is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms. [3]
As described by the VSEPR model, the five valence electron pairs on the central atom form a trigonal bipyramid in which the three lone pairs occupy the less crowded equatorial positions and the two bonded atoms occupy the two axial positions at the opposite ends of an axis, forming a linear molecule.
According to VSEPR theory, diethyl ether, methanol, water and oxygen difluoride should all have a bond angle of 109.5 o. [12] Using VSEPR theory, all these molecules should have the same bond angle because they have the same "bent" shape. [12] Yet, clearly the bond angles between all these molecules deviate from their ideal geometries in ...
In a crystal structure the coordination geometry of an atom is the geometrical pattern of coordinating atoms where the definition of coordinating atoms depends on the bonding model used. [1] For example, in the rock salt ionic structure each sodium atom has six near neighbour chloride ions in an octahedral geometry and each chloride has ...
For example, [Cl 2 F] + has a structure of [Cl−Cl−F] + but not [Cl−F−Cl] +. In general, the structures of most heteropolyhalogen ions and lower isopolyhalogen ions were in agreement with the VSEPR model. However, there were exceptional cases.
The nitrogen in ammonia has 5 valence electrons and bonds with three hydrogen atoms to complete the octet.This would result in the geometry of a regular tetrahedron with each bond angle equal to arccos(− 1 / 3 ) ≈ 109.5°.
According to VSEPR theory, T-shaped geometry results when three ligands and two lone pairs of electrons are bonded to the central atom, written in AXE notation as AX 3 E 2. The T-shaped geometry is related to the trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry for AX 5 molecules with three equatorial and two axial ligands.
In chemistry, ligand close packing theory (LCP theory), sometimes called the ligand close packing model describes how ligand – ligand repulsions affect the geometry around a central atom. [1] It has been developed by R. J. Gillespie and others from 1997 onwards [ 2 ] and is said to sit alongside VSEPR [ 1 ] which was originally developed by R ...