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Dual-coding theory is a theory of cognition that suggests that the mind processes information along two different channels; verbal and nonverbal. It was hypothesized by Allan Paivio of the University of Western Ontario in 1971.
Allan Paivio's dual-coding theory is a basis of picture superiority effect. Paivio claims that pictures have advantages over words with regards to coding and retrieval of stored memory because pictures are coded more easily and can be retrieved from symbolic mode, while the dual coding process using words is more difficult for both coding and retrieval.
Multiple code theory (MCT) is a theory that conceives of the human brain as processing information in three codes. A certain issue can be coded in three languages, via symbolic verbal information (letters), symbolic nonverbal information (images), and pre-symbolic information (body feeling).
The dual-coding theory enunciates that these two systems can operate independently, as well as interdependently. Therefore, verbal cues can be activated independently of images, and vice versa. However verbal cues can also prime images through associative relationships, while images can prime verbal items through associative connections as well ...
The dual-code theory, created by Allan Paivio in 1971, is the theory that we use two separate codes to represent information in our brains: image codes and verbal codes. Image codes are things like thinking of a picture of a dog when you are thinking of a dog, whereas a verbal code would be to think of the word "dog". [ 31 ]
This additive dual coding claim is compatible with evidence that verbalized thinking does not necessarily overcome common faulty intuitions or heuristics, such as studies showing that thinking aloud during heuristics and biases tests did not necessarily improve performance on the test. [14]
According to Paivio’s dual -coding theory, concrete concepts are the one that is remembered easier from their perceptual memory codes. [6] Evidence has shown that when words are heard they are associated with a concrete concept and are re-enact any previous interaction with the word within the sensorimotor system. [7]
Type II codes are binary self-dual codes which are doubly even. Type III codes are ternary self-dual codes. Every codeword in a Type III code has Hamming weight divisible by 3. Type IV codes are self-dual codes over F 4. These are again even. Codes of types I, II, III, or IV exist only if the length n is a multiple of 2, 8, 4, or 2 respectively.