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The First Total War: Napoleon's Europe and the Birth of Warfare as We Know It. Broers, Michael; et al., eds. (2012). The Napoleonic Empire and the New European Political Culture. Palgrave Macmillan UK. ISBN 978-0230241312. Chandler, David G (1995). The Campaigns of Napoleon. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-02-523660-1. Elting, John R (1988).
Napoleon Bonaparte [b] (born Napoleone Buonaparte; [1] [c] 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of military campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
In 1804, Napoleon was titled Emperor by the senate, thus founding the First French Empire. Napoleon's rule was constitutional, and although autocratic, it was much more advanced than traditional European monarchies of the time. The proclamation of the French Empire was met by the Third Coalition.
The Napoleonic era is a period in the history of France and Europe. It is generally classified as including the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution , the first being the National Assembly , the second being the Legislative Assembly , and the third being the French Directory .
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of conflicts fought between the French First Republic (1803–1804)/First French Empire (1804–1815) under the First Consul and Emperor of the French, Napoleon Bonaparte, against a fluctuating array of European coalitions.
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte starts his term as the first president of the French Republic. European Revolutions of 1848: 1851: 2 December: Exactly one year after his coup d'état, president Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte becomes Napoleon III of France, ending the Second Republic and creating the Second French Empire with him as emperor. 1853–1856: 28 ...
The Hundred Days (French: les Cent-Jours IPA: [le sɑ̃ ʒuʁ]), [3] also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition (French: Guerre de la Septième Coalition), marked the period between Napoleon's return from eleven months of exile on the island of Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (a period of 110 days).
The First French Empire, officially the French Republic, [d] then the French Empire after 1809 and also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. It lasted from 18 May 1804 to 3 May 1814 and again briefly from 20 ...