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Reducing, neutral and oxidizing oxyacetylene flames. A flame is affected by the fuel introduced and the oxygen available. A flame with a balanced oxygen-fuel ratio is called a neutral flame. The color of a neutral flame is semi-transparent purple or blue. [1] This flame is optimal for many uses because it does not oxidize or deposit soot onto ...
Reducing agents can be ranked by increasing strength by ranking their reduction potentials. Reducers donate electrons to (that is, "reduce") oxidizing agents, which are said to "be reduced by" the reducer. The reducing agent is stronger when it has a more negative reduction potential and weaker when it has a more positive reduction potential.
Early fire retardants were mixtures of water and thickening agents, and later included borates [11] and ammonium phosphates. [citation needed] Generally, fire retardants are dropped from aircraft or applied by ground crews around a wildfire's edges in an effort to contain its spread. This allows ground crews time to work to extinguish the fire.
A thermite reaction using iron(III) oxide. The sparks flying outwards are globules of molten iron trailing smoke in their wake. In the following example, elemental aluminum reduces the oxide of another metal, in this common example iron oxide, because aluminum forms stronger and more stable bonds with oxygen than iron:
The international pictogram for oxidizing chemicals. Dangerous goods label for oxidizing agents. An oxidizing agent (also known as an oxidant, oxidizer, electron recipient, or electron acceptor) is a substance in a redox chemical reaction that gains or "accepts"/"receives" an electron from a reducing agent (called the reductant, reducer, or electron donor).
A typical reducing agent is N,N'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-4,4'-bipyridinylidene. Related pyrazine- and cyclohexadiene-based reagents have been developed. They are red or orange THF-soluble solids. The bipyridine reagent is produced by reduction of 4,4'-bipyridine in the presence of trimethylsilyl chloride (Me = CH 3): [2]
Lithium aluminium hydride (LAH) is widely used in organic chemistry as a reducing agent. [5] It is more powerful than the related reagent sodium borohydride owing to the weaker Al-H bond compared to the B-H bond. [23]
Commonly referred to as LiTEBH or Superhydride, it is a powerful reducing agent used in organometallic and organic chemistry. It is a colorless or white liquid but is typically marketed and used as a THF solution. [2] The related reducing agent sodium triethylborohydride is commercially available as toluene solutions.