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2. Expansion tank - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_tank

   An expansion tank or expansion vessel is a small tank used to protect closed water heating systems and domestic hot water systems from excessive pressure. The tank is partially filled with air, whose compressibility cushions shock caused by water hammer [ citation needed ] and absorbs excess water pressure caused by thermal expansion .

3. Hydronics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydronics

   Water expands as it heats and contracts as it cools. A water-loop hydronic system must have one or more expansion tanks in the system to accommodate this varying volume of the working fluid. These tanks often use a rubber diaphragm pressurised with compressed air. The expansion tank accommodates the expanded water by further air compression and ...

4. Automatic bleeding valve - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_bleeding_valve

   An automatic bleeding valve or air release valve (ARV) is a plumbing valve used to automatically release trapped air from a heating system. Air, or other gas, may collect within plumbing. For water delivery systems to taps and basins, particularly with good main supply pressure, this air is usually flushed through with the water flow and does ...

5. Tankless water heating - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tankless_water_heating

   Power outage: In case of a power outage, tankless heaters cannot supply hot water, unlike tank based heaters which can supply the hot water stored in the tank. LED Light Strobe effect: Most residential demand water heaters act by modulating the heating elements to match the flow rate. This is required to prevent overheating in the heating chamber.

6. Pressure tank - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_tank

   The total volume of the tank is V t. Case 2 is a tank in use, with the air pressure at pressure P (gauge) and a water volume of V. Referring to the diagram on the right, a pressure tank is generally pressurized when empty with a "charging pressure" P c, which is usually about 2 psi below the turn-on pressure P lo (Case 1).

7. Fixture unit - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixture_unit

   A Fixture Unit is not a flow rate unit but a design factor. A fixture unit is equal to 1 cubic foot (0.028 m 3) of water drained in a 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 inches (32 mm) diameter pipe over one minute. [2] One cubic foot of water is roughly 7.48 US gallons (28.3 L; 6.23 imp gal). A Fixture Unit is used in plumbing design for both water supply and waste ...