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Another type of authoritarian regime is the competitive authoritarian regime, a type of civilian regime that arose in the post-Cold War era. In a competitive authoritarian regime, "formal democratic institutions exist and are widely viewed as the primary means of gaining power, but ... incumbents' abuse of the state places them at a significant ...
Politics of India works within the framework of the country's Constitution. India is a parliamentary secular democratic republic in which the president of India is the head of state & first citizen of India and the Prime Minister of India is the head of government. It is based on the federal structure of government, although the word is not ...
This article lists forms of government and political systems, which are not mutually exclusive, and often have much overlap. [1] According to Yale professor Juan José Linz there are three main types of political systems today: democracies, totalitarian regimes and, sitting between these two, authoritarian regimes with hybrid regimes.
By contrast, Armenia was re-upgraded from an authoritarian regime to a hybrid regime as a result of constitutional changes that shifted power from the presidency to parliament. [14] In 2017, the Gambia was upgraded again from an authoritarian regime to a hybrid regime after Yahya Jammeh , who was president from 1996 to 2017, was defeated by ...
The Franco regime was commonly defined as totalitarian and as a Spanish variation of Fascism until 1964, when Juan Linz challenged this model and instead described Francoism as "authoritarian" because of its "limited degree of political pluralism" caused by struggle between 'Francoist families' (Falangists, Carlists, etc.) within the sole legal ...
Electoral autocracy is a hybrid regime, in which democratic institutions are imitative and adhere to authoritarian methods. In these regimes, regular elections are held, but they are accused of failing to reach democratic standards of freedom and fairness. [1] [2]
] Those regimes were predominantly military juntas and most of them collapsed in the 1980s. Communist countries, which were very cautious about not revealing their authoritarian methods of rule to the public, were usually led by civilian governments and officers taking power were not much welcomed there.
India has a quasi-federal form of government, called "union" or "central" government, [48] with elected officials at the union, state and local levels. At the national level, the head of government , the prime minister , is appointed by the president of India from the party or coalition that has the majority of seats in the Lok Sabha .