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Post-consumer cotton is textile waste that is collected after consumers have discarded the finished products, such as used apparel and household items. [1] Post-consumer cotton which is made with many color shades and fabric blends is labor-intensive to recycle because the different materials have to be separated before recycling. [1]
Textile recycling is the process of recovering fiber, yarn, or fabric and reprocessing the material into new, useful products. [1] Textile waste is split into pre-consumer and post-consumer waste and is sorted into five different categories derived from a pyramid model.
Bioprocess engineering is a conglomerate of mathematics, biology and industrial design, and consists of various spectrums like designing of Fermentors, study of fermentors (mode of operations etc.). It also deals with studying various biotechnological processes used in industries for large scale production of biological product for optimization ...
A waste product may become a by-product, joint product or resource through an invention that raises a waste product's value above zero. Examples include municipal solid waste (household trash/refuse), hazardous waste, wastewater (such as sewage, which contains bodily wastes (feces and urine) and surface runoff), radioactive waste, and others.
Biomedical waste is not limited to medical instruments; it includes medicine, waste stored in red biohazard bags, and materials used for patient care, such as cotton and bandaids. The most serious effect that biomedical waste has on our seas is the discharge of poisons into the waters that could then be consumed by ocean life creatures.
Waste is produced by human activity, for example, the extraction and processing of raw materials. [3] Waste management is intended to reduce the adverse effects of waste on human health, the environment, planetary resources, and aesthetics.
Cotton is a perennial crop in the tropics, and without defoliation or freezing, the plant will continue to grow. Cotton continues to be picked by hand in developing countries [88] and in Xinjiang, China, allegedly by forced labor. [89] Xinjiang produces over 20% of the world's cotton. [90]
Waste comes in many different forms and may be categorized in a variety of ways. The types listed here are not necessarily exclusive and there may be considerable overlap so that one waste entity may fall into one to many types.