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The history of Anatolia (often referred to in historical sources as Asia Minor) can be roughly subdivided into: Prehistory of Anatolia (up to the end of the 3rd millennium BCE), Ancient Anatolia (including Hattian, Hittite and post-Hittite periods), Classical Anatolia (including Achaemenid, Hellenistic and Roman periods), Byzantine Anatolia (later overlapping, since the 11th century, with the ...
Anatolia (Turkish: Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, [a] is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey.It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Turkish Straits to the northwest, and the Black Sea to the north.
A revolt of Turkmen (Oguz) and Harzem refugees who have recently arrived in Anatolia. The revolt is suppressed. But the sultanate loses power. 1240: Conquest of Diyarbakır in Southeast Anatolia. 1243: Bayju of Mongols defeats Keyhüsrev II in the battle of Kösedağ, Eastern Anatolia. From now on, the sultanate is a vassal of Ilkhanids. 1246
Anatolia/Asia Minor in the Greco-Roman period. The classical regions and their main settlements (circa 200 BC). Aeolis (named after the Aeolian Greeks that colonized the region) Lesbos; Armenia Minor (Armenia west of the Euphrates river, geographically in Anatolia) (roughly corresponding to ancient Azzi-Hayasa or Hayasa-Azzi) Aeretice / Æretice
The Medean Empire turned out to be short lived (c. 625 – 549 BC). By 550 BC, the Median Empire of eastern Anatolia, which had existed for barely a hundred years, was suddenly torn apart by a Persian rebellion in 553 BC under Cyrus II (Cyrus the Great c. 600 BC or 576–530 BC), overthrowing his grandfather Astyages (585–550 BC) in 550 BC.
Lydia, or Maeonia as it was called before 687 BC, was a major part of the history of western Anatolia, beginning with the Atyad dynasty, who first appeared around 1300 BC. Lydia was situated to the west of Phrygia and east of the Aegean settlement of Ionia.
This was the beginning of the tensions between Pontic Anatolia and the Roman Republic, causing the later Mithridatic Wars to be fought and which ended with Rome in full control of Anatolia. [8] It was under Roman control until the Byzantines lost it to the early Nomads Turks and later to the Ottomans over time, beginning in 1299 and ending in 1453.
Another Anatolian group was the Luwians, who migrated to south-west Anatolia in the early Bronze Age. [10] Unlike Hittite, the Luwian language does not contain loanwords from Hattic, indicating that it was initially spoken in western Anatolia. [2] The Luwians inhabited a large area and their language was spoken after the collapse of the Hittite ...