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Hydropower (from Ancient Greek ὑδρο-, "water"), also known as water power or water energy, is the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or to power machines. This is achieved by converting the gravitational potential or kinetic energy of a water source to produce power. [ 1 ]
Hydroelectricity is, as of 2019, the second-largest renewable source of energy in both generation and nominal capacity (behind wind power) in the United States. [1] In 2021, hydroelectric power produced 31.5% of the total renewable electricity, and 6.3% of the total U.S. electricity.
The energy mix is dominated by traditional sources like firewood and agricultural residue (68.7%), most of this primary energy (about 80%) represents solid biofuels used in the residential sector (for heating, cooking etc.). [2] Smaller shares of energy come from commercial sources like petroleum and coal (28.2%) and renewable sources. [3]
Hydropower supplies 15% of the world's electricity, almost 4,210 TWh in 2023, [1] which is more than all other renewable sources combined and also more than nuclear power. [2] Hydropower can provide large amounts of low-carbon electricity on demand, making it a key element for creating secure and clean electricity supply systems. [ 2 ]
O Chum 2 Hydropower Dam is located on O Chum River, in Banlung, Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia. O Chum 2, commissioned in 1993, is a 1 MW mini-hydropower plant located in the north-east of Ratanakiri province. It is owned and operated by the Cambodian government and has an estimated annual generation output of between 2.2 and 2.5 GWh. [2]
Annual energy generation capacity is 92.5 GWh. This power plant began operating in 2000 and is owned by the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA). [2] The plant was constructed in assistance from Economic Development Cooperation Fund (EDCF) (Korea), Government of Nepal and NEA at a cost of US$30 million. [4]
[3] [6] Achwa 2 is a run-of-the-river hydroelectricity project with planned annual output of 281 GWh. [ 3 ] The power generated will be evacuated via a 132kV high voltage transmission line to a substation in Lira , a distance of approximately 140 kilometres (87 mi), where it will be sold to the Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited ...
Shanan Power House (commissioned in 1932 [1]) is situated 2 km from Jogindernagar in Himachal Pradesh, India. It is the first hydroelectric power project of India in megawatt capacity. British Engineer Colonel B.C. Batty and his team in collaboration with the then ruler of Joginder Nagar region, Raja Karan Sen, designed and created it.