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The disease most commonly occurs in people over the age of 65, due to the accumulation of genetic mutations that occur over time. [3] [15] Men are diagnosed around twice as often as women (6.8 to 3.5 ratio). [16] It is much less common in people from Asia. [4] Five-year survival following diagnosis is approximately 83% in the United States. [3]
Patients normally present with painless, swollen lymph nodes, often in the neck, armpit, or groin. [1] Some have swollen lymph nodes inside their body, such as in the chest or abdomen, which can go undetected until they become very large and cause symptoms like cough or abdominal pain.
Lymphadenopathy: The most common symptom of Hodgkin is the painless enlargement of one or more lymph nodes. [14] The nodes may also feel rubbery and swollen when examined. The nodes of the neck, armpits and groin (cervical and supraclavicular) are most frequently involved (80–90% of the time, on average). [14]
[3] [13] [14] Diagnosis, if enlarged lymph nodes are present, is usually by lymph node biopsy. [1] [2] Blood, urine, and bone marrow testing may also be useful in the diagnosis. [2] Medical imaging may then be done to determine if and where the cancer has spread. [1] [2] Lymphoma most often spreads to the lungs, liver, and brain. [1] [2]
It is the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma among adults, [1] with an annual incidence of 7–8 cases per 100,000 people per year in the US and UK. [2] [3] This cancer occurs primarily in older individuals, with a median age of diagnosis at ~70 years, [3] although it can occur in young adults and, in rare cases, children. [4]
In a review study of 26 patients (i.e., 15 men and 11 women, median age 72 years, range from 44 to 90 years) diagnosed with Lennert lymphoma: a) 7 presented with B symptoms (i.e., fever, night sweats, and/or unintentional weight loss); b) 8 presented with (or later acquired) cancer cells in their bone marrow, blood, skin, liver, lung, bone, and ...
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