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Traction can also refer to the maximum tractive force between a body and a surface, as limited by available friction; when this is the case, traction is often expressed as the ratio of the maximum tractive force to the normal force and is termed the coefficient of traction (similar to coefficient of friction).
A Gabrielli–von Karman diagram with the y-axis being the lift-to-drag ratio, which is the inverse of specific resistance. The von Kármán–Gabrielli diagram (also Gabrielli–von Kármán diagram , GvK diagram ) is a diagram which compares the efficiency of transportation methods by plotting specific tractive force , or specific resistance ...
The term tractive effort is often qualified as starting tractive effort, continuous tractive effort and maximum tractive effort.These terms apply to different operating conditions, but are related by common mechanical factors: input torque to the driving wheels, the wheel diameter, coefficient of friction (μ) between the driving wheels and supporting surface, and the weight applied to the ...
It is shown that for a passenger car, when the tractive force is about 40% of the maximum traction, the slip resistance is almost equal to the basic rolling resistance (hysteresis loss). But in case of a tractive force equal to 70% of the maximum traction, slip resistance becomes 10 times larger than the basic rolling resistance. [1]
It is also called specific tractive force or specific resistance (see von Kármán–Gabrielli diagram), or the energy index. [citation needed] When the energy comes from metabolic processes (i.e., for animals), it is often called the metabolic cost of transport.
The J1 had over 95,000 pounds-force (422.6 kN) of tractive effort, plus an additional 15,000 lbf (66.7 kN) if the booster engine was used. ... J1 class diagram
Drawbar pull is the difference between tractive effort available and tractive effort required to overcome resistance at a specified speed. Drawbar pull data for a vehicle is usually determined by measuring the amount of available tractive force using a dynamometer , and then combining that data with coastdown [ 1 ] data to obtain the available ...
Turbulent flow is defined as the flow in which the system's inertial forces are dominant over the viscous forces. This phenomenon is described by Reynolds number, a unit-less number used to determine when turbulent flow will occur. Conceptually, the Reynolds number is the ratio between inertial forces and viscous forces. [6]