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Gender systems are the social structures that establish the number of genders and their associated gender roles in every society. A gender role is "everything that a person says and does to indicate to others or to the self the degree that one is either male, female, or androgynous. This includes but is not limited to sexual and erotic arousal ...
[8] [77] [78] When a baby is born, society allocates the child to one gender or the other, on the basis of what their genitals resemble. [63] However, some societies have historically acknowledged and even honored people who fulfill a gender role that exists more in the middle of the continuum between the feminine and masculine polarity.
By the end of this wave, society began to realize that gender, the idea of what it means to be a "woman", and society's expectations of what a woman is, are socially constructed. This realization led to the rise of the third feminist movement. It focused on debunking the predominant idea society held for women and their position in society.
Gender is used as a means of describing the distinction between the biological sex and socialized aspects of femininity and masculinity. [9] According to West and Zimmerman, is not a personal trait; it is "an emergent feature of social situations: both as an outcome of and a rationale for various social arrangements, and as a means of legitimating one of the most fundamental divisions of society."
[22] [23] [20] [59] This changed in the early 1970s when the work of John Money, particularly the popular college textbook Man & Woman, Boy & Girl, was embraced by feminist theory. This meaning of gender is now prevalent in the social sciences, although in many other contexts, gender includes sex or replaces it. [2]
The gender binary (also known as gender binarism) [1] [2] [3] is the classification of gender into two distinct forms of masculine and feminine, whether by social system, cultural belief, or both simultaneously. [A] Most cultures use a gender binary, having two genders (boys/men and girls/women). [4] [5] [6]
Since 2012, the percentage of all-female acts at these festivals has increased slightly. Ultra is the only festival where there has been zero increase in women performers, with all-female acts plateauing at a solid 6 percent. Mixed-gender acts fare a bit better than all-female ones — though not by much.
Gender essentialism is a theory which attributes distinct, intrinsic qualities to women and men. [1] [2] Based in essentialism, it holds that there are certain universal, innate, biologically (or psychologically) based features of gender that are at the root of many of the group differences observed in the behavior of men and women.