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The history of mathematics deals with the origin of discoveries in mathematics and the mathematical methods and notation of the past.Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales.
Popular mathematics is the act of presenting mathematics without technical terms. [208] Presenting mathematics may be hard since the general public suffers from mathematical anxiety and mathematical objects are highly abstract. [209] However, popular mathematics writing can overcome this by using applications or cultural links. [210]
This is a timeline of pure and applied mathematics history.It is divided here into three stages, corresponding to stages in the development of mathematical notation: a "rhetorical" stage in which calculations are described purely by words, a "syncopated" stage in which quantities and common algebraic operations are beginning to be represented by symbolic abbreviations, and finally a "symbolic ...
By the time of Plato, Greek mathematics had undergone a drastic change. The Greeks created a geometric algebra where terms were represented by sides of geometric objects, [ 16 ] usually lines, that had letters associated with them, [ 17 ] and with this new form of algebra they were able to find solutions to equations by using a process that ...
For example, one notch in a bone represented one animal, person, or object. Numerical notation's distinctive feature—symbols having both local and intrinsic values—implies a state of civilization at the period of its invention. The earliest evidence of written mathematics dates back to the ancient Sumerians and the system of metrology from ...
Greek mathematics constitutes an important period in the history of mathematics: fundamental in respect of geometry and for the idea of formal proof. [44] Greek mathematicians also contributed to number theory, mathematical astronomy, combinatorics, mathematical physics, and, at times, approached ideas close to the integral calculus. [45] [46]
The term "trigonometry" was derived from Greek τρίγωνον trigōnon, "triangle" and μέτρον metron, "measure". [3] The modern words "sine" and "cosine" are derived from the Latin word sinus via mistranslation from Arabic (see Sine and cosine § Etymology). Particularly Fibonacci's sinus rectus arcus proved influential in establishing ...
The Elements began with definitions of terms, fundamental geometric principles (called axioms or postulates), and general quantitative principles (called common notions) from which all the rest of geometry could be logically deduced. Following are his five axioms, somewhat paraphrased to make the English easier to read.