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An informal economy (informal sector or grey economy) [1] [2] is the part of any economy that is neither taxed nor monitored by any form of government. Although the informal sector makes up a significant portion of the economies in developing countries , it is sometimes stigmatized as troublesome and unmanageable.
Counter-economics is an economic theory and revolutionary method consisting of direct action carried out through the black market or the gray market. As a term, it was originally used by American libertarian activists and theorists Samuel Edward Konkin III and J. Neil Schulman. The former defined it as the study or practice "of all peaceful ...
[5] [6] Corrections end once stocks attain new highs. [7] Stock market corrections are typically measured retrospectively from recent highs to their lowest closing price. The recovery period can be measured from the lowest closing price to new highs, to recovery. [8] Gains of 10% from the low is an alternative definition of the exit of a ...
A black market in Shinbashi in 1946 Illegal street traders in Barcelona in 2015. A black market [a] is a clandestine market or series of transactions that has some aspect of illegality, or is not compliant with an institutional set of rules. If the rule defines the set of goods and services whose production and distribution are prohibited or ...
A grey market or dark market (sometimes confused with the similar term "parallel market") [1] [2] is the trade of a commodity through distribution channels that are not authorised by the original manufacturer or trademark proprietor. Grey market products (grey goods) are products traded outside the authorised manufacturer's channel.
The equilibrium price, commonly called the "market price", is the price where economic forces such as supply and demand are balanced and in the absence of external influences the (equilibrium) values of economic variables will not change, often described as the point at which quantity demanded and quantity supplied are equal (in a perfectly ...
In its narrowest definition, a labour shortage is an economic condition in which employers believe there are insufficient qualified candidates (employees) to fill the marketplace demands for employment at a specific wage. Such a condition is sometimes referred to by economists as "an insufficiency in the labour force."
More formal and general analysis followed [7] in such areas as development economics, [8] ecological economics, [9] political science, [3] political economy, [10] public choice theory, [11] and transaction-cost economics. [12] Later, due to the popularity of public choice theory in 1970s, government failure attracted the attention of the ...