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Light micrograph of a moss's leaf cells at 400X magnification. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: . Cell biology – A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death.
Parietal epithelial cell (PEC) Podocyte; Angioblast → Endothelial cell; Mesangial cell. Intraglomerular; Extraglomerular; Juxtaglomerular cell; Macula densa cell; Stromal cell → Interstitial cell → Telocytes; Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell; Kidney distal tubule cell; Connecting tubule cells; α-intercalated cell; β-intercalated ...
Cell theory, developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
On 2021, Stephen Quake guessed that the upper limit of the number of human cell types would be around 6000, based on a reasoning that "if biologists had discovered only 5% of cell types in the human body, then the upper limit of cell types to discover is somewhere around 6000 (i.e., 300/0.05)." [10] Other different efforts have used different ...
Human Cell Atlas; Content; Description: The Human Cell Atlas is a global consortium that is creating detailed maps of the cells in the human body to transform understanding of health and disease. Organisms: Human: Contact; Primary citation: Regev, Aviv; et al. (Human Cell Atlas Organizing Committee) (2018). "The Human Cell Atlas White Paper".
The cells of meristematic tissue are similar in structure and have a thin and elastic primary cell wall made of cellulose. They are compactly arranged without inter-cellular spaces between them. Each cell contains a dense cytoplasm and a prominent cell nucleus. The dense protoplasm of meristematic cells contains very few vacuoles.
Every time a basal cell divides, it creates two daughter cells, one is an identical basal cell, and the other is a new somatic cell that undergoes terminal differentiation. These cells gradually get pushed up through the layers of the epidermis by the constant proliferation of more new cells, gradually differentiating and flattening as they rise.
In the Planctomycetota species Gemmata obscuriglobus, a nucleus-like structure surrounded by lipid membranes has been reported. [27] [29] Compartmentalization is a feature of prokaryotic photosynthetic structures. [2] Purple bacteria have "chromatophores", which are reaction centers found in invaginations of the cell membrane. [2]