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The term "British Malaya" (/ m ə ˈ l eɪ ə /; Malay: Tanah Melayu British) loosely describes a set of states on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Singapore that were brought under British hegemony or control between the late 18th and the mid-20th century.
In 1824, British control in Malaya (before the name Malaysia) was formalised by the Anglo-Dutch Treaty, which divided the Malay Archipelago between Britain and the Netherlands. The Dutch evacuated Melaka [ 63 ] and renounced all interest in Malaya, while the British recognised Dutch rule over the rest of the East Indies .
Annexed by Britain as a Crown Colony in 1946, and became a part of Malaysia on 16 September 1963. Singapore Malaya [e] 16 September: 1963: Became self-governing on 3 June 1959, and became a part of Malaysia on 16 September 1963. Subsequently gained independence from Malaysia on the 9 August 1965. [13] Surinam: Tokelau: Weihaiwei
The Federation became independent from British colonial rule and became an independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations on 31 August 1957. [ 2 ] [ 8 ] In 1963, the Federation was reconstituted as "Malaysia" when it federated with the British territories of Singapore , Sarawak , and North Borneo ; a claim to the latter territory was ...
[6] [11] [12] By 1826, the British controlled Penang, Malacca, Singapore and the island of Labuan, which they established as crown colonies of the Straits Settlements, administered first under the EIC until 1867, when they were transferred to the Colonial Office in London.
The Crown Colony of Penang was a British Crown colony from 1946 to 1957. It came under British sovereignty after being ceded by the Sultanate of Kedah in 1786, and had been part of the Straits Settlements from 1826 to 1946. [1]
During World War Two, British Malaya, along with other nearby British and American colonies, was occupied by the Empire of Japan. [16] Following three years of occupation, Peninsular Malaysia was briefly unified as the Malayan Union in 1946 until 1948 when it was restructured as the Federation of Malaya. The country achieved independence on 31 ...
Although Malaya was effectively governed by the British, the Malays held de jure sovereignty over Malaya. A former British High Commissioner, Hugh Clifford, urged "everyone in this country [to] be mindful of the fact that this is a Malay country, and we British came here at the invitation of Their Highnesses the Malay Rulers, and it is our duty to help the Malays to rule their own country."