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Brahmagupta (c. 598 – c. 668 AD) was the first Indian scholar to describe gravity as an attractive force: [38] [39] [failed verification] [40] [41] [failed verification] The earth on all its sides is the same; all people on the earth stand upright, and all heavy things fall down to the earth by a law of nature, for it is the nature of the ...
Here Brahmagupta found the result in terms of the sum of the first n integers, rather than in terms of n as is the modern practice. [24] He gives the sum of the squares of the first n natural numbers as n(n + 1)(2n + 1) / 6 and the sum of the cubes of the first n natural numbers as ( n(n + 1) / 2 ) 2.
Newton "recognized Christ as a divine mediator between God and man, who was subordinate to the Father who created him." [150] He was especially interested in prophecy, but for him, "the great apostasy was trinitarianism." [151] Newton tried unsuccessfully to obtain one of the two fellowships that exempted the holder from the ordination requirement.
1663 – Otto von Guericke: first electrostatic generator; 1676 – Ole Rømer: Rømer's determination of the speed of light traveling from the moons of Jupiter. 1678 – Christiaan Huygens mathematical wave theory of light, published in his Treatise on Light; 1687 – Isaac Newton: Newton's laws of motion, and Newton's law of universal ...
Electromagnetic forces are tremendously stronger than gravity, but tend to cancel out so that for astronomical-scale bodies, gravity dominates. Electrical and magnetic phenomena have been observed since ancient times, but it was only in the 19th century James Clerk Maxwell discovered that electricity and magnetism are two aspects of the same ...
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The motion of light was a long-standing investigation in physics for hundreds of years before the 20th century. The use of aether to describe this motion was popular during the 17th and 18th centuries, including a theory proposed by Johann II Bernoulli, who was recognized in 1736 with the prize of the French Academy. In his theory, all space is ...
Aristotelian physics is the form of natural philosophy described in the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC). In his work Physics, Aristotle intended to establish general principles of change that govern all natural bodies, both living and inanimate, celestial and terrestrial – including all motion (change with respect to place), quantitative change (change with respect to ...