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The choice of additives is determined by the use, e.g. the oil for a diesel engine with direct injection in a pickup truck (API Service CJ-4) has different additives than the oil used in a small gasoline-powered outboard motor on a boat (2-cycle engine oil).
Petrol additives may increase petrol's octane rating, thus allowing the use of higher compression ratios for greater efficiency and power, or act as corrosion inhibitors or lubricants. Other additives include metal deactivators, oxygenates and antioxidants. Some additives are harmful and are regulated or banned in some countries.
Molybdenum disulfide (or moly) is an inorganic compound composed of molybdenum and sulfur. Its chemical formula is MoS 2. The compound is classified as a transition metal dichalcogenide. It is a silvery black solid that occurs as the mineral molybdenite, the principal ore for molybdenum. [6] MoS 2 is relatively unreactive.
An entire range was developed from this additive, with over 4,000 products, including engine and gear oils, additives and care products, workshop equipment, and service products. In Germany, Liqui Moly is one of the leading producers of engine oils. Germany remains the main marketplace, but international demands are increasing.
Organo-molybdenum compounds, were initially developed as antiwear additives but were later recognized to be very effective in reducing boundary friction. [3] They are currently used in many engine oils and, more recently, in gear oils. [1] They reduce friction by forming two-dimensional molybdenum disulphide layers on rubbing surfaces. [4]
Detergent additives serve to prevent the buildup of engine "gunk," which can cause a host of mechanical problems. Automotive journalist Craig Cole writes, "Gasoline is an impure substance refined from a very impure base stock –crude oil. It’s an explosive hydrocarbon cocktail containing all kinds of different chemicals.
In the U.S. MTBE has been used in gasoline at low levels since 1979, replacing tetraethyllead (TEL) as an antiknock (octane rating) additive to prevent engine knocking. [19] Oxygenates also help gasoline burn more completely, reducing tailpipe emissions. Oxygenates also dilute or displace gasoline components such as aromatics (e.g., benzene ...
The main application of ZDDPs are as anti-wear additives in lubricants including greases, hydraulic oils, and motor oils. ZDDPs also act as corrosion inhibitors and antioxidants . Concentrations in lubricants range from 600 ppm for modern, energy-conserving low-viscosity oils to 2000 ppm in some racing oils.
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