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When Britain established its first Australian colony in 1788, the Aboriginal population is estimated to have been 300,000 to more than one million people [8] [9] [10] comprising about 600 tribes or nations and 250 languages with various dialects.
In 1770 an expedition from Great Britain under the command of then-Lieutenant James Cook made the first voyage by the British along the Australian east coast. On 29 April, Cook and a small landing party fired on a group of the local Dharawal nation who had sought to prevent them from landing at the foot of their camp at Botany Bay , described ...
Telegram sent from Broome, Western Australia, 20 July 1907; recorded by Postmaster-General's office . Colonial settlers frequently clashed with Indigenous people (on continental Australia) during and after the wave of mass immigration of Europeans into the continent, which began in the late 18th century and lasted until the early 20th.
The Aboriginal population became an oppressed minority in their own country. The overall gradual violent expansion of colonies into indigenous land during the Australian frontier wars lasted for centuries. [4] Australia enacted the genocidal policy of "breeding out the colour" in the 1930s. [279]
However, by the second generation of contact, many groups in south-eastern Australia were gone. [97] The greatest cause of death was disease, followed by settler and inter-Indigenous killings. [97] This population loss was further exacerbated by an extremely low birth rate. [98]
The Women's Christian Temperance Union also established branches in most Australian colonies in the 1880s, promoting votes for women and a range of social causes. [206] Female suffrage, and the right to stand for office, was first won in South Australia in 1895. [207] Women won the vote in Western Australia in 1899, with racial restrictions.
"There were a great many of the Natives slaughtered and wounded", according to the Edward White [8] (later to be discredited, as he was not even in Tasmania at the time of the incident), an Irish convict who later spoke before a committee of inquiry nearly 30 years later in 1830, but could not give exact figures. [1]
The history of Australia from 1788 to 1850 covers the early British colonial period of Australia's history. This started with the arrival in 1788 of the First Fleet of British ships at Port Jackson on the lands of the Eora, and the establishment of the penal colony of New South Wales as part of the British Empire.