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Due to the preceding events of the collapse of the Soviet Union, on 16 October 1991 the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR set the election day for 1 December. The law established requirements for a 100,000 signatures in order to be qualified to be a presidential candidate, which coincided with the requirements of the relevant law of the Russian ...
The President of Kazakhstan is the head of state elected by popular vote to serve a five-year-term. [1] ... (until Sept. 1991) 1991 1999: Independent (until Febr ...
Its capital was the site of the Alma-Ata Protocol on 21 December 1991 that dissolved the Soviet Union and formed the Commonwealth of Independent States in its place which Kazakhstan joined. The Soviet Union officially ceased to exist as a sovereign state on 26 December 1991 and Kazakhstan became an internationally recognized independent state.
In an attempt to keep unity within the Soviet Union, the country held a referendum on 16 March 1991 and Kazakhstan voted 95% in favor of a new Union of Sovereign States. After the aborted coup d'état in August, the Supreme Soviet (Kazakhstan) passed the Constitutional Independence Law of Republic of Kazakhstan on 16 December 1991.
Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev [2] [note 1] (born 6 July 1940) is a Kazakh politician who served as the first President of Kazakhstan, from the country's independence in 1991 [3] until his formal resignation in 2019, [4] and as the Chairman of the Security Council of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2022. [5]
Kazakhstan was the last constituent republic of the Soviet Union to declare independence in 1991 during its dissolution. Kazakhstan dominates Central Asia both economically and politically, accounting for 60 percent of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil and gas industry; it also has vast mineral resources. [17]
In the 1870s–80s, schools in Kazakhstan massively started to open, which developed elite, future Kazakh members of the Alash party. In 1916, after conscription of Muslims into the military for service in the Eastern Front during World War I , Kazakhs and Kyrgyzs rose up against the Russian government, with uprisings until February 1917.
The 18th Congress of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, held on September 7, 1991, decided to dissolve the party. [3] The Socialist Party was created on its basis. [4] [5] Nursultan Nazarbayev, chairman of the party, resigned after the failure of the August putsch in Moscow. [6]