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A "Declaration of Nullity" is not the dissolution of an existing marriage (as is a dispensation from a marriage ratum sed non consummatum and an "annulment" in civil law), but rather a determination that consent was never validly exchanged due to a failure to meet the requirements to enter validly into matrimony and thus a marriage never existed.
In the canon law of the Catholic Church, a declaration of nullity, (commonly called an annulment and less commonly a decree of nullity) [1] is authoritative judgment on the part of an ecclesiastical tribunal juridically establishing the fact that a marriage was invalidly contracted or, less frequently, a judgment juridically establishing the fact that an ordination was invalidly conferred.
The act was recognized from 1983 to 2010 in the 1983 Code of Canon Law as having certain juridical effects enumerated in canons 1086, 1117, and 1124. The concept of "formal" act of defection was narrower than that of "notorious" (publicly known) defection recognized in the 1917 Code of Canon Law .
Canon 1119 of the 1917 Code of Canon Law [6] stipulated two cases in which a marriage ratum sed non consummatum may be dissolved, [7] namely, (1) if one of the parties takes solemn vows in a religious order [8] or (2) a dispensation is issued by the Holy See.
Canon law (from Ancient Greek: κανών, kanon, a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members.
The jurisprudence of canon law is the complex of legal principles and traditions within which canon law operates, while the philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law are the areas of philosophical, theological, and legal scholarship dedicated to providing a theoretical basis for canon law as a legal system and as true law.
Catholic canon law also lays down rules for licit, also called lawful, placing of the act, along with criteria to determine its validity or invalidity. Valid but illicit or valid but illegal ( Latin : valida sed illicita ) is a description applied in the Catholic Church to describe either an unauthorized celebration of a sacrament or an ...
1983 Code of Canon Law – 1983 codification of canonical legislation for the Latin Catholic Church Omnium in mentem – 2009 motu proprio of Pope Benedict XVI; Magnum principium – 2017 apostolic letter by Pope Francis; Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches – Eastern Catholic code of canon law